Some of the costly features of urban developments include concrete sidewalks, curb and gutter, driveway aprons and warehouse floor slabs. Settlements within these structures can cause uneven surfaces, water ponding and trip hazards associated with faulting. Geo Grout can correct the problem by performing what is commonly known as slab jacking or mud jacking.

Settled concrete sidewalks are slab jacked, by coring strategically placed injection holes along the section of sidewalk. Grout injection is carried out at each location, allowing the sidewalk to be uniformly lifted back to specified grade. This method of slab jacking works well for both separate and monolithic sidewalks, by varying the injection hole pattern.

During the lifting process, the grout flow properties allow for filling of all the available void area beneath the slab.

Upon completion, all core holes are filled with a high strength rapid set grout and finished to match the existing structure.

Mud jacking settled concrete curb and gutter poses an additional challenge, due to the minimal allowable surface area available to effect lift. Geo Grout utilizes custom designed mechanical devices to effect initial lift of these structures. Following the initial lift, the structure is raised to specified grade through the combined process of mechanical lift and pressure grouting techniques.

This ensures that the entire void beneath the concrete curb and gutter is filled. The procedure is also applicable for lifting settled concrete drainage swales.

Upon completion, all core holes are filled with a high strength rapid set grout and finished to match the existing structure.

Lifting of settled residential concrete driveways require special attention due to the typical low flexural strengths associated with standard concrete and particularly exposed aggregate concrete driveways. Geo Grout utilizes a high flow grout mix, which minimizes point loading, hence eliminating or significantly reducing stress cracks during the lifting process. Pressure grouting is carried out at strategically placed injection points, to obtain uniform lift.

Upon completion, core holes within standard concrete driveways are filled with a high strength rapid set grout and finished to match the existing structure. On exposed aggregate driveways, the existing cores are replaced and grouted to match the original surface.

Geo Grout's pressure grouting procedures and site specific mixes have been utilized for void filling applications, such as:

Pressure grouting of abandoned underground pipes is carried out by initially installing grout plugs along with the required injection and vent ports at each end of the pipe. Pressure grouting is performed from the low end injection pipe. This method ensures total displacement of fluids within the pipe enclosure through the high end pipe vent.

For this application, Geo Grout produces a grout mix with the following minimum properties:

Pressure grouting annular spaces of slip liners poses additional challenges, due to the minimal available void space between the liner and host pipe. Geo Grout has produced grout mixes to fill annular spaces of less than 20mm, over spans of 100m. Grout pressures to place these mixes are maintained within pipe manufacturers tolerance.

In concrete slab-on-grade construction, as the concrete cures, differential hydration between the upper and lower surface may occur. This will cause the concrete slab to curl upward, primarily along both sides of the construction joint, leaving a minor void space along the alignment of the construction joint. This problem becomes quite serious in laneways subject to heavy traffic. The continuous pounding effect at the joint interface, tends to increase the void size resulting in continual flexure of the slab and subsequent failure. Water intrusion will also expediate this process.

Geo Grout has resolved this problem by injecting a high flow fine particle structural grout beneath the construction joint interface. The grout fills all available voids and restores the bearing surface of the subgrade. This process eliminates any further flexing of the slab, by locking the joint interface, and substantially increases the life span of the concrete slab.

To accommodate design specification requirements on building projects, Geo Grout has produced flowable structural grouts with compressive strengths up to 60 MPa.

These grouts have been implemented on a variety of projects such as grouting of heavy equipment bases and steel pipe columns to enhance their load bearing capacity.

Geo Grout has utilized cellular grouts in dry environment applications requiring R Value enhancement. This light weight product can be produced with up to 80% air content, giving it it's insulating value provided it is placed in a water free environment.

Typical applications where Geo Grout has used cellular grout include void fill of confined areas along foundation walls, trench fills over shallow frost susceptible utilities and as an infill in concrete block walls.

Compaction grouting is a method of soil stabilization where a low flow cementitious grout is injected into the soil to form a grout bulb. The grout does not permeate soil pores, but displaces the soil and compacts it in the process.

The compaction grouting process is typically carried out in vertical stages, progressing upwards from the deepest unstable zone. In shallow fills the upper zone may require grouting initially to densify the upper layer and also increase the overburden pressure.

This grouting application is most suitable in stabilizing areas of low density fills, since the maximum effect is realized in the least stable zone.

Geo Grout has applied compaction grouting techniques to stabilize low density fills on high maintenance roadways.

Consolidation grouting is a method of soil stabilization where a high flow, fine to micro fine cementitious grout, is injected into the soil. Permeation of the grout into the soil fills available air voids, increasing soil cohesion. Such a method of soil stabilization is particularly applicable in trench cuts through granular subsoils.

Curtain Grouting, essentially a form of Consolidation grouting, is a procedure primarily used to control seepage on dam and canal projects by sealing off fissures in bedrock, granular soil pockets and minor cavities. This process involves grouting a line or several lines of holes in stages along the water cutoff zone and requires specialized instrumentation to monitor grout pressure and flow parameters.

Stopping fluid infiltration into a structure or manhole is difficult due to the increase in fluid pressure as the repair process continues. Geo Grout addresses the problem by cutting off the fluid flow from the outside of the structure. Typically the repair process is carried out by advancing a series of injection probes around the structure from the ground surface to the zone in question. The injection process creates a permanent grout plug on the outside of the structure. Since the grout plug is always in compression, an increase in fluid pressure does not affect the repair.

Alternatively, the pressure grouting may be carried out through injection probes advanced through the structure walls. These probes are left in place until the grout sets, then removed and the holes repaired.

Geo Grout has incorporated site specific grout mixes to stop fluid flows upwards from 45 litres/minute (10 gallons/minute) or more, utilizing these techniques.

Fluid intrusion into sewer lines, as in manholes and structures, is addressed by advancing grout injection probes from the ground surface to the source of the leak. The injection process creates a permanent grout plug on the outside of the sewer line.

Since the grout plug is always in compression, an increase in fluid pressure does not affect the repair. Geo Grout utilizes video equipment to monitor the pipe enclosure during the repair.

In areas where utilities are constructed beneath watercourses, such as dams and canals, the auguring process may disturb the soils around the earth bore. This can create fissure in the soils and eventually lead to piping of the dam or canal water into the earth bore.

Geo Grout has pressure grouted the annular space between the earth bore and pipeline utility, filling any available ground fissures in the process. Due to the pressure gradient associated with these structures, a high strength flow-able cementitious grout is used to assure long term durability.